RENAISSANCE IN KERALA : Role of Press in Renaissance : KERALA PSC NOTES

Hello reader,

In this post we will go through the role of press in renaissance of Kerala. 

1. Rajyasamacharam :1847
2. Malayala Manorama :1888
3. Bhashaposhini :1892
4. Vivekodayam:1904
5. Swadeshabhimani: 1905
6. Kerala koumudi  : 1911 
7. Mithavadi: 1913
8. Mathrubhumi : 1922 
9. GajaKesary :1927
10. Al- Ameen :1929
11. Yukthivadi:1929 
12. Sathyavadi :1934 
13. Chandrika :1934
14. Pradeepam
15. Prabhatam

Rajyasamacharam: 1847

• ‘Rajyasamacharam’ served as the beginning of journalism in Kerala.
• It was published from Illikkunnu, Thalassery and started by missionaries of Basel Mission.
• ‘Paschimodayam" was a malayalam magazine started by the Basel Mission to familiarize the malayalees with the history and geography of the Europe and progress and development achieved in Europe in the fields of administration and science.

Malayala Manorama :1888
It holds a position as the fifth most circulating newspaper in the world.
It is the fourth largest circulating newspapers in India.
Largest circulating newspaper in Kerala.

Bhashaposhini :1892
It is one of the oldest Malayalam literary review magazines.
The founder editor was Kandathil Varugheese Mappillai.

Vivekodayam:1904
Malayalam literary journal established to serve as a voice of the Ezhavas and SNDP.
Popularly referred to as the Ezhava Gazette
It was founded by Kumaran Asan under the inspiration of Swami Vivekananda.
Asan's criticized three contemporary Mahakavyam's Chitrayogam by Vallathol, Umakeralam by Ulloor and Rugmangadacharitam by Pandalam Kerala Varma for blindly following Sanskrit norms, through Vivekodayam.


Swadeshabhimani: 1905
A newspaper published in Travancore, which was banned and confiscated by the Government of Travancore in 1910 due to its criticisms against the Diwan of Travancore, P.Rajagopalachari.
Founder : Vakkom Moualvi
Editors: C P Govinda Pillai, after him Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai.


Kerala koumudi  : 1911
Founded by C. V. Kunhiraman


Mithavadi: 1913
Founder: C Krishnan
Mithavadi was the "Bible" of the socially depressed. Published for the first time, the famous poem by the Sri Kumaranasan, the ‘Veenapoovu’

C Krishnan organised "Thali Road Strike".
He was also the founder of Calicut Bank in 1909
He started Mahabodhi Buddha Mission and campaigned to convert the Ezhavas to Buddhism. 


Mathrubhumi : 1923
founded by K. P. Kesava Menon

Gajakesari :1927
‘Gajakesari’ was a magazine published  by Swami Guruprasad, disciple of Sree Narayana Guru, with the financial assistance of Burman Malayalees. Moorkoth Kumaran was the editor of this magazine.

Al- Ameen :1929
Founded by Muhammad Abdur Rahiman.
The paper aimed to strengthen the freedom movement and nurture nationalism among the Muslims of Malabar.
 The paper was finally close down in 1939 by the British authorities.

Yukthivadi:1929
The first rationalist/atheist journal published.
Editorial board of M. Ramavarma Thampan, C. Krishnan, C. V. Kunhiraman, Sahodaran Ayyappan and M.C. Joseph(main)

Sathyavadi :1934
Moorkoth Kumaran was the editor of the ‘satyavadi’ magazine, under the ownership of Sri M. Mandan. As a local news paper, it covered news items and editorials related to the happenings in Kannur District.

Chandrika :1934
Started by K.M. Seethi Sahib

Pradeepam: first evening newspaper in Malayalam; founded by Theruvath Raman;

Prabhatam: brought out by EMS Namboothirippad.


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RENAISSANCE IN KERALA :Literary Figures : KERALA PSC NOTES

Hello,

In this article we will discuss about some great Literary Figures from Kerala who contributed to the   renaissance in Kerala.

The area about which Kerala PSC frequently ask questions are tried to include here.The list is incomplete. I will keep on update. You can also contribute valuable information. 

TOPICS COVERED

1. Cherusseri Namboothiri(1375 - 1475 )
2. Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan(1495-?)
3. Kunchan nambiyar (1705-1770)
4. KeralaVarma Valiya Koil Thampuran (1845 -1914)
5. O Chandu Menon (1847–99)
6. Kodungalloor Kunjikuttan Thampuran (1868 -1914)
7. Mooloor S. Padmanābha Panicker (1869 -1931)
8. Kumaran Ashan ( 1873 – 1924)
9. Vallathol Narayana Menon (1878 – 1958)
10. Pandalam Kerala Varma(1879-1919)
11. Kandathil Varghese mappilai (1857 -1904)
12. G Sankara Kurup (1901 -1976)
13. P Keshav Dev (1904-1983)
14. Vaikkom Muhammad Basheer (1908 –  1994)
15. Ponkunnam Varkey (1910-2004)
16. Changampuzha (1911-1948)
17. Thakazhi Shiva Sankara Pillai(1912-1999)
18. S K Pottekkatt (1913 -1982)

Cherusseri Namboothiri(1375 - 1475 )
Author of the famous poem Krishna Gatha, which is used for daily recitation as an act of worship of Krishna during the Malayalam month Chingam.

Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan(1495-?)
Known as the father of Malayalam language.
He translated the two Hindu epics, the Ramayana and Mahabharata, to Malayalam for the common man with the mingling of the Sanskrit and Dravidian languages
Ezhuthachan's other major contribution has been in establishing an (51 character) alphabet system equivalent to Sanskrit instead of Vattezhuthu, the 30-letter script of Malayalam
The highest literary honour instituted by the Kerala Government is known as the "Ezhuthachan Award"
Theekkadal Kadannu Thirumadhuram (2004) by C. Radhakrishnan: a novel written by C. Radhakrishnan that sketched Ezhuthachan’s life and journeyed through the emotions he must have gone through.

Kunchan Nambiyar (1705-1770)
Famous  Malayalam poet, performer, satirist and the inventor of  Ottamtullal

KeralaVarma Valiya Koil Thampuran (1845 -1914)
Known as KERALA KALIDASAN as he translated Kalidasa's Sakunthalam to Malayalam as Abhijnana Sakunthalam.
Another work “Mayoora Sandesham” was on the line of Kalidasa's MeghaDooth in which he has used the peacocks of Haripad temple to send his messages to his wife, the Maharani, in Trivandrum.
Visakha vijaya was another famous work.
He absorbed selected Western influences and combined with native Sanskritic elements in poetry, drama and prose!
He was a member of Royal  Parappanad Family.

O Chandu Menon (1847–99)
Recipient of prestigious Rao bahadur Award,
Wrote first Malayalam Novel with all Lakshnas, titled Indu Lekha, (First Malayalam Novel was Kundalatha written by Appu Nedumgadi)

Kodungalloor Kunjikuttan Thampuran (1868 -1914)
Known as KERALA VYASA  for his single-handed, word-by-word, metre-by-metre translation of entire Mahabharata within 874 days as Bhasha Bharatam.
Kunjikkuttan Thampuran started two literary movements in Malayalam: Paccha Malayalam (Pure Malayalam) and Puranetihasa Vivartanam . Pacha Malayalam avoided over influence of Sanskrit while Puranetihasa Vivarthanam was Translation of Itihasas and Puranas to Malayalam.
Notable works: “Pachamalayalam ,Puranithihasa vivarthanam, KaviBharatam, Ambopadesham.

Mooloor S. Padmanabha Panicker (1869 -1931)
He is known as “Sarasa Kavi”
Notable work: Kavi-Ramayanam,  deemed to be the motivational force behind the 1936 Temple Entry Proclamation.
Built Mezhuveli Anandabhootheshawara Temple


Kumaran Ashan ( 1873 – 1924)
Got title as MAHAKAVI from madras university. Kumaranasan was the only poet in Malayalam who became mahakavi without writing a mahakavyam.
Disciple of Sri Narayana Guru.
Became SNDP Secretary in 1903
Worked in Vivekodayam Newspaper


Ulloor S Parameswara Iyyar (1877-1949)
One of the Triumvirate poets , along with  Ashan and Vallathol
Works: Pingala, Karnabhooshanam, Bhakthideepika.


Vallathol Narayana Menon (1878 – 1958)
Became GREAT POET after the work maha kavya Chitra Yogam
Famous work : Ente Guru Nathan
Ulloor published his mahakavya Umakeralam , the second maha kavyam in Malayalam.


Pandalam Kerala Varma(1879-1919)
The author of the first complete mahakavya in Malayalam titled Rukmamgadacharitham
He was the owner and Chief Editor of Kavana Kaumudi, the first Malayalam periodical, which was also the first to introduce special issues in Malayalam.


Kandathil Varghese mappilai (1857 -1904)
He is the founder of Bhashaposhini Sabha, ‘ Bhashaposhini’ magazine and Malayala Manorama.
‘Abrayakutty’, an independent drama, Malayalam translation of William Shaekspeare’s drama ‘Taming of the Shrew, ‘Keerthanamala were some of the contributions by him for Malayalam Literature.


G Sankara Kurup (1901 -1976)
The first winner of the Jnanpith Award, India's highest literary award, for his renowned work Odakuzhal in 1965.
With part of the prize money he established the literary award Odakkuzhal.


P Keshav Dev (1904-1983)
Central Academy award winner for “Ayalkkar”.
Autobiography:  Ethirppu
Notable works: Odayil Ninnu, Nadhi, Bhrandalayam.
One of the exponents of progressive Malayalam Literature along with Basheer and Thakazhi.

Vaikkom Muhammad Basheer (1908 –  1994)
Recipient of Padma award.
Calicut university honoured him with title of  “Doctor of letters”.

Ponkunnam Varkey (1910-2004)
Bagged Vallathol Award and Ezhuthachan Award.


Changampuzha (1911-1948)
Renowned for his work titled Ramanan which was based on the life of Edappalli Raghavan pillai.


Thakazhi Shiva Sankara Pillai(1912-1999)
Known as “Kerala Mopasang”
Recipient of Jnanapith Award for the epic  Novel “Kayar”
Also bagged Kendriya Sahitya Academy award for the novel “Chemmeen”
Kainikkara Kumara Pillai was his Guru
His work “Thottiyude makan” is considered as first new Generation Novel.
 Thakazhi (film) is a documentary on Thakazhi made by M. T. Vasudevan Nair


S K Pottekkatt (1913 -1982)
Bagged jnanpitham award for this work “Oru deshathinte Katha”
Received Kerala Sahitya Academy award for “Oru Theruvinte Katha”which was written based on the story of Mittai Theruvu (S.M. Street) in Kozhikode.

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RENAISSANCE IN KERALA :Socio-Religious reform Movements : KERALA PSC NOTES

Hello,

In this article we will discuss about some socio-religious movement which were emerged as part of renaissance in Kerala. Remember, this part is VERY important in any kerala PSC examination.

TOPICS COVERED:

1. Samathwa samajam:1836
2. Sri Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam :1903
3. Islam Dharma Paripalana Sangham:1906
4. Sadhujana Paripalana Sangham: 1907
5. Yoga kshema Movement: 1908
6. Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha: 1909
7. Vaala Samudaya Parishkarani Sabha : 1912
8. Nair Service Socety: 1914
9. Yukthivaadi Sangham :1935

Here we go.!!

Samathwa samajam:1836
 Ayya Vaikundar (Vaikunda swamikal) founded Samathwa samajam for reform of nadar community.

He organized SAMA PANTHI BHOJANA in each and every place of worship in the name of ANNA DHANAM.

Sri Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam :1903
•    1903 May 15 :The S.N.D.P. Yogam came into existence  under the guidance of Sri Narayana Guru
•    1904:Its first annual session held  at Aruvippuram ,Trivandrum
•    The basic aim of  was to popularize Guru’s messages and bring about the social regeneration of the Ezhavas and other backward communities.
•    Dr. Palpu and Kumaran Asan were active leaders.
•    Some Newspapers also helped to spread Gurus’s message of social reform.
 Eg: Sujananandini NewsPaper :1891 (Published by Paravoor Kesavanasan)       Kerala Kaumudi 1911-(Started by KV Kunhiraman)Yogadaanam is a well known publication from SNDP


Islam Dharma Paripalana Sangham:1906
Vakkom Abdul Khader Moulavi established Islam Dharma Paripalana Sangham for the reform of Muslims.

Sadhujana Paripalana Sangham: 1907
Ayyankali’s Sathujana Paripalana Sangham  was established for education for Dalits with the support of government of Travancore.

Thomas Vaidyar was given the responsibility of organization correspondence.

SJPS published a monthly magazine, Sadhujana Paripalini, the first ever magazine to be brought out by the Dalit community. Kali Chodikkuruppan was the founder editor.

Later this sangham  became  Pulaya Mahasabha.

Yoga kshema Movement: 1908
Slogan:  “Make Namboothiri a human being”.

Aim: the  marriage  of  all  the  junior Namboothiri males within the community itself, to popularise the study of English and to abolish the  purdah  system  from Namboothiri females

Leaders: E.M.S. Namboothiripad and V.T.Bhattatiripad.
"Unni Namboothiri" was a famous publication from Yoga kshema Sabha.


Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha:1909
Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha ("God's Church of Visible Salvation") was a Dalit religious protest movement founded at Eraviperoor, Pathanamthitta  by Poikayil Yohannan.

The PRDS rejected both Christianity and Hinduism, and preached that God would send an incarnation to liberate the Dalits.

They spread message to leave superstitious beliefs, and to stop practicing black magic and sacrificing the animals
Vaala Samudaya Parishkarani Sabha : 1912
Fishermen community reform society.

It was organized under Pandit K P Karuppan, the "Lincoln" of Kerala"

Leaders: N Krishnan, VV Velukkuttty Arayan and rao Bahadur VV Govindan

Initially it was a small group called kalyana dayini sabha

Aim: abolish outdated customs, spread discipline, hygiene , education and freedom of movement.

Nair Service Socety: 1914
Founded by: Mannathu padmanabhan on October 31, 1914
Inspiration: “Servants of Indian Society” by GK Gokhale
Areas: Reform Nair society, abolition of Talikettukalyanam, Tirandukuli, untouchability, joint family system

Sahodara Sangham :1917
Founded by the noted Ezhava leader, K.Ayyappan(also known as Sahodaran Ayyappan) at Cherai, Kochi in 1917

Aim: eradication of the evils of caste and popularizing the idea of misra-bhojanam   among  the Ezhavas  and other  castes considered  inferior to them .

Yukthivadi Sangham  :1935
Yukthivadi Sangham was registered at Cochin M. C. Joseph as secretary and Panampilly Govinda Menon as treasurer. M C Joseph was the sole editor-publisher of "Yukthivaadi" Magazine by Sahodara Sangham.
The existing Kerala Yukthivadi Sangham (KYS) was formed at Kozikode in 1969 May Adv. M. Prabha as president and P.S. Raman Kutty as Secretary



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Kindly leave your feedback.!!!
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RENAISSANCE IN KERALA :Struggles and Social Revolts : KERALA PSC NOTES

RENAISSANCE IN KERALA :Struggles and Social Revolts

Hello reader,

In this post we will discuss some of the struggles and social revolts happened as  part of renaissance in Kerala. 

Short notes on following events are provided in this post:

1. Kurichya Revolt : 1812
2. Shanar Agitation: 1859
3. Pandara  Pattam  Proclamation:1865
4. Malayali memorial : 1891
5. Ezhava Memorial :1896
6. Malabar Rebellion(Moplah Rebellion) :1921
7. Wagon tragedy :1921
8. Students' agitation: 1922
9. Vaikom Satyagraham :1924
10. Guruvayoor Stayagraham: 1931-1932
11. Yachana Yathra :1931
12. Nivarthana Agitation: 1932
13. Electricity Agitation  :1936
14. PattiniJatha :1936
15. Kuttamkulam Struggle :1946
16. Punnapra Vayalar Upheaval :1946
17. Paliyam Satyagraham 1948

Kurichya Revolt : 1812

Protest from  Kurichiyas  and Kurumbars of Wynad against  the  British  Government’s  policy  of collecting revenue  from  them  in cash  rather than  in  kind.
 
Shanar Agitation: 1859

The Shanars of South Travancore agitated for their women  to get the same rights to dress as women from upper sections of the Hindus.(Breast cloth agitation).
Col.  Munro permitted  Shanar  women, who converted  to Christianity, to cover their bodies with Kuppayams.
Eventually  the Royal Proclamation of July26, 1859, abolished all restrictions on covering of the upper parts by Shanar women

Pandara  Pattam  Proclamation:1865
 
-    Known as “the Magnacarta  of  the  Travancore  ryots(farmers)”
-    It conferred proprietary rights of Sirkar  Pattam lands to  the holders.

Malayali memorial : 1891
•    Aim: To protest against  the  Government’s policy  to import outside persons,  particularly Tamil Brahmins,  for important posts in the public services even when persons with similar qualifications were available inside the State.
•    G.Parameswaran  Pillai  (Barrister G.P.Pillai),  R.Ranga  Rao and  N.Raman Pillai were  the master brains of this movement. They were expelled from the Maharaja’s College, Trivandrum, in 1882 under suspicion of raising word against Government’s job policy.
•    A memorandum signed  by  10,028  persons from all castes was submitted to the Maharaja Sree Moolam Thirunal on January 1, 1891 requested  to secure jobs for the educated Keralaites in the Travancore civil service. 

• "Travancore for Travancoreans " slogan is related with Malayali memorial.
• Chenkotta Ramayyar took initiative to file in favour of Brahmins and against Malayali memorial

Ezhava Memorial(1896)
-     The Ezhavas and  other backward  communities  were denied  the admission  to Government  schools  or   public services
-    Ezhava community under the leadership of  Dr.Palpu  submitted  a memorial to the Maharaja in 1896 to get same privileges for Ezhavas which were being enjoyed  by  Ezhavas who converted to Christianity.
-    Upon receiving negative response , they submitted  second “Ezhava Memorial” to  Lord  Curzon,  the Viceroy  of India, during his visit to Trivandrum in 1900. This memorial also faced failure. 

Malabar Rebellion(Moplah Rebellion) :1921
Malabar Rebellion  was an armed uprising by Mappila Muslims in 1921 against British authority and Hindus in Malabar.

• Malabar agriculture system was in this hierarchy :  (1)The Jenmi( Nambudiri Brahmins and Nambiar chieftains) were in highest level with hereditary land grants by the Naduvazhis (2) Kanikkaran (Nairs) : for the security and supervision of the land and (3) Verumpattakkaran (Mappilas) who cultivates land for one year lease called verum pattam.
• The 1921 rebellion began as a reaction against a restriction by the British authorities on the Khilafat Movement in the Eranad and Valluvanad taluks .
• The police attempt to arrest Vadakkevittil Muhammed, the secretary of the Khilafat Committee, rumor about attack on Mambaram mosque in Tirurangadi were some other reasons for riots.
• The largely kudiyaan (tenant) Mappilas  attacked , forcibly converted and killed jenmi families.They also attacked and took control of police stations, British government offices, courts and government treasuries.
• The most prominent leaders of the rebellion were Variankunnath Kunjahammad Haji, Sithi Koya Thangal and Ali Musliyar

Wagon tragedy :1921
The Wagon tragedy was the death of 67 prisoners who had been taken into custody following Mappila Rebellion.

• Almost 90 detained Muslim rebels were dispatched by train from Tanur to the Podanur Central Prison. As Podanur jail was found to be full  orders were given to take back the prisoners.
   
•  During the return journey, 67 of the 90 rebels suffocated  to death in the closed iron wagon.
• Historian Sumit Sarkar referred to it as the "Black Hole of Podanur"

Students' agitation: 1922
Students came forward  to oppose a fee hike.  The agitation was  strongly supported by the 'Swarad' paper of A.K.  Pillai

Vaikom Satyagraham :1924
Aim: To get approach  roads  to  the  Vaikam  temple opened  for  Hindu avarnas.
Started on 1924 March 30.

Leaders: T.K.Madhavan,  K.P.KesavaMenon,  Mannath  Padmanabhan, Changanacherry  Parameswaran  Pillai, C.V.Kunhiraman  and  K.Kelappan .

Highlight: Savarna Jatha (by Mannath Padmanabhan) came  to  Trivandrum  and submitted their demand before the Regent Setu Lakshmi Bai.

Gandhi  visited Travancore and discussed with the Rani  and also met Sri.Narayana Guru at Varkala. 

After 20  month old struggle,  the Satyagraha  finally  ended  in success  in  1925 and  approach roads  to the temple were  formally opened  to  all  castes!!

Civil disobedience movement : 1930
Kerala also involved actively in nationwide  Civil disobedience movement invoked by Gandhiji.

• Salt Satyagraha started at Payyannur under the leadership of K. Kelappan  on April 21, 1930. Mohammad Abdur Rahiman, K. Madhavan Nair, P. Krishnapillai and R.V. Sharma led the Satyagraha at Kozhikode.
• Civil disobedience movement came to an end  after Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed on March 4, 1931
• The resumption of civil disobedience movement in 1932, created a strong response in Kerala. When the movement was withdrawn in 1934, a section of congress workers led by  E.M. Sankaran Nambudiripad and P. Krishna Pillai joined the Congress Socialist party.

Guruvayoor Stayagraha: 1931- 1932
Aim: to get the Guruvayur temple, Ponnani taluk, Thrissur  opened  to  all  Hindus  
Satyagrha  Was started under auspices of  Kerala  Provincial Congress .

The  leader  of  the Satyagraha was K.Kelappan who entered indefinite fast

 Captain of  Volunteer  Corps was A.K.Gopalan.

 T.Subramanian Tirumumbu was the captain of the temple  entry  campaign

P.Krishna  Pillai was  brutally assaulted  for ringing a bell in temple.

Guruvayur  Satyagraha failed  to  achieve  its immediate objective, but  helped to create a climate  against untouchability.
Yachana Yathra :1931

Yachana Yathra was led by V.T. Bhattathirippadu in 1931 from Trichur to Chandragiri river which lasted for seven days.

This begging march was for the education of poor children.
Nivarthana Agitation: 1932
Ezhavas, Christians and Muslims demanded for representation in the Legislature in proportion to their numerical strength.

 Travancore Diwan Sir C.P. Ramaswamy Iyer tried to suppress the agitation.

Agitators formed Samyukta  Rashtriya  Samiti and requested the voters to abstain from voting
( Abstention movement).

Kerala Kesari was the mouth piece of Abstention movement.

New electoral  law giving reservation for minorities was formally announced by the Government in August  1936.

Leaders :N.V.Joseph,  T.M.Varghese  and C.Kesavan

Electricity Agitation  :1936
 Protest  against  the  decision of Diwan Sir R.K.Shanmukham  Chetti  to  entrust  the distribution of the electric power in the town to private company

Leaders were  E.Ikkanda  Warrier  and Dr.A.R.Menon.
PattiniJatha :1936

PattiniJatha’ was led by A.K. Gopalan in July 1936 from Kannur to Chennai. There were 32 persons in the March.
Temple Entry Proclamation : 1936
Sri Chitra Tirunal Balarama Varma, the Maharaja of Travancore, issued Temple Entry Proclamation on  November  12,  1936.

Gandhiji hailed it as “a micracle of modern  times” and  “a  smriti  which  is  the people’s charter of spiritual emancipation”

The  Temple  Entry Authorisation Proclamation V of (1947-48) issued by the Maharaja of Cochin opened the  temples  in  that  State  to  all  castes.

The  Madras  Temple Entry Act of 1947 extended this reform to the Malabar area.


Kuttamkulam Struggle :1946

Kuttamkulam struggle  „Vazzhinadakkal Samaram‟; was started as a protest  against untouchability in  to the premise of the Kudalmanikyam  temple.

The caste organizations like S N D P, Samastha Cochin  Pulaya Mahasabha, the political parties like  Prajamandalam,  Labour  Organizations,  Beedi  workers  organizations
protested  against  this  injustice.  

The people united  under the leadership of  P. K. Kumaran Master, Saratha  Kumaran, K .V. Unni and P.K.Chathan Master.

Finally the untouchable’s classes got the right to walk  along  the  kuttamkulam  road!
Punnapra Vayalar Upheaval :1946

The September 1946 there occurred the  Punnapra Vayalar Upheaval against the ‘American Model’ irremovable executive.

The American Model was proposed by Sir C. P. Ramaswami Ayyar.
Paliyam Satyagraham (1948)
To get open the the road in front of the main residence of the Paliat Achan, the erstwhile hereditary Chief Minister of Cochin for Avarnas.

Even the princes of the royal families of Cochin and Kodungallur supported it.

A.G.Velayudhan , a freedom fighter ,was killed in a police lathi-charge

Meanwhile in April  1948 all temples in Cochin  were thrown open to all  Hindus,  irrespective of caste.  As a result the Avarnas  and non-  Hindus  got the right to walk along the paliyam road.




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RENAISSANCE IN KERALA : SHORT NOTES

Hello Reader,

In this post we will discuss some interesting events in the History of Kerala. Each event is written in short note so that it will be easy to  prepare for various  Kerala P.S.C Examinations.

Image courtesy : The Internet :)

Ready.!!! Steady!! Go.!!!


Synod (പുരോഹിതസഭ) of  Diamper  (Udayamperur) : 1599

• The aim of this Synod  was to bring  the Christian  community  under  the  supremacy  of  the  Roman church.
•     Alexis De Menezes, the Archbishop  of Goa, presided the synod. 
•     The Synod scrutinized Syrian books and removed offending passages. They prohibited the use of many heretic books like “The Infancy of our Savior (The History of our Lady)”,” Book of John Barialdan “
•     The Cochin Diocese (ബിഷപ്പിന്റെ അധികാരപ്രദേശം) followed the Latin rite(അനുഷ്‌ഠാനം) and the old Syrian Diocese of Ankamali clung to the Syriac rite .

Revolt at the Coonan Cross : 1653

• Syrians were unhappy on Portugal king’s decision to  appoint  European Latin Bishops to the Syrian diocese of Ankamali. 
• In 1653  the Jacobite Patriarch of Babylon sent  a Bishop  named Ahatalla,  to Kerala, in  response  to  a  request  by  the  Syrians. The  Portuguese detained him  on  his  way at Mylapore .
• The excited Syrians assembled in thousands  in  front  of  an  ancient  Cross  in Mattancherri,  tied  a  lengthy  rope  on it  and holding on to it swore that they would never more obey the Latin Archbishop or the Jesuits. This is known in history as the “Oath of the Coonan Cross”. 
• This revolt  led to the emergence of two distinct sections among the Christians:  Pazhayakuru , the Romo-Syrians who continued to owe allegiance  to  the  Church  of  Rome, and  the Puthankuru,  the Jacobite Syrians who denounced the authority of the Pope.

.
Sri Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam :1903

•  1903  :The S.N.D.P. Yogam came into existence  under the inspiration of Sri Narayana Guru
•  1904:Its first annual session held  at Aruvipuram 
•  The basic aim of the Yogam was to popularise the message of Sri Narayana Guru and bring about the social regeneration of the Ezhavas and other backward communities.
•  Dr. Palpu and Kumaran Asan were active leaders in yogam.
•  Some Newspapers helped to spread Narayana gurus’s message of social reform.
•  Eg: Sujananandini NewsPaper :1891 (-    Published by Paravoor Kesavanasan)      Kerala Kaumudi 1911-(Started by KV Kunhiraman)

Sahodar Sangham :1917
 

Founded by the noted Ezhava leader, K.Ayyappan at Cherai in 1917
 
 Aim: eradication of the evils of caste and popularizing the idea of misra-bhojanam  (inter-dining)  among  the Ezhavas  and other  castes considered  inferior to them .
 

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HOW TO ENABLE WHATSAPP CALL

Hello friend,

In this post I want to share how to enable Whatsapp Calls.

Whatsapp is now providing seamless voice calls but it has been limited by the company to a few latest  versions of the application
 This feature is limited to  Android devices only.(one minute silence for windows users!!)

Update your whatsapp to the most latest . i.e. 2.11.528/531 from the Web to your device
The voice call feature will be downloaded but will be locked.!!
But in order to enable this feature you have to receive at least one whatsapp call from other number which has enabled this feature

ENJOY the fullest..!!  :)

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GATE 2015 COMPUTER SCIENCE (CSE) QUESTIONS AND ANSWER KEY

Hello reader,

Here I am posting the questions asked in GATE 2015  COMPUTER SCIENCE (CSE)  Exam and the answer key. I am thankful to all my friends who have shared these questions. If you also want to share any question other than posted here feel free to comment that here.

Do you know any question other than posted here? Feel free to comment  here.   :)

  All Answers were collected from various forums. Check it and suggest  corrections  if  required.

Here we go.!!

 

 

 

1. Which of the following is not correct about HTTP cookies ?

a.A cookie is a piece of code that has a potential to compromise the security of an Internet user.

b. A cookie gains entry to the user's work area through an HTTP Header.

c. It has expiry date and time.

d. It can be used to track the browsing pattern of a user at a particular site.

a. Any personal information that you give to a Web site, including credit card information, will most likely be stored in a cookie unless you have turned off the cookie feature in your browser. 

b.  

c. The Expires directive in cookie  tells the browser the exact/absolute date and time  to delete the cookie

d  If the user requests a page of the site for first time the server creates a random string and sends it as a cookie back to the browser together with the requested page;this cookie will automatically be sent by the browser to the server every time a new page from the site is requested;the server stores the URL of the requested page, the date/time of the request, and the cookie in a log file. By analyzing the log file collected in the process it is possible to plot browsing pattern. 

Ans: a

2.If a binary tree has 20 leaves, then how many nodes will have two children nodes?

If there are n leaves, there will be (n-1) nodes having two child nodes. 

Answer is 20-1=19

 

3. In a typical server in which order the operations-  accept, bind, listen and recv - will be executing?
a)listen,bind,accept,recv
b)bind,listen,accept,recv
c)listen,accept,bind,recv
d)accept,listen,bind,recv

bind( )  :to associate the socket with a port on server machine

listen( ) :wait for incoming connections

accept( ):accept the connection request and returns new socket file descriptor

recv( ) : accepts the data from the client.

The order is as in (b):

 

4. Assume that for a certain processor, a read request takes 50 nanoseconds on a cache miss and 5 nanoseconds in a cache hit. Suppose while running a program, it was observed that 80% of the processor's read requests result in a cache hit. The average read access time in nanoseconds is :

Ans:  effective memory access time = (hit rate * cache access time) + (miss rate * access time for cache miss),

(50x20+5x80)/100=14 ns

 
5. Find the number of divisors for 2100?

To find the number of positive integral divisors, write the number as a product of prime numbers. Add one to exponent value of each prime number and multiply them together .

Read the method in detail here.

Given number 2100 can be represented as 2100=2*3*5*7*2*5=2^2 * 3 * 5^2* 7

Total number of divisors= (2+1)*(1+1)*(2+1)*(1+1)= 3*2*3*2= 36

 
6. Let R be the relation on the set of positive integers such that aRb if and only if a and b are distinct and have a common divisor other than 1. Which one of the following statements about R is true?

a) Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
b) Neither Reflexive nor symmetric but transitive
c) Symmetric but not reflexive, not transitive
d) Reflexive but not symmetric, not transitive

Ans c

#Given relation is symmetric for all integers. eg: 7R21  means 21R7

#Given relation cannot be reflexive as a and b should be distinct numbers.

#Given relation may not be transitive Eg: 7R21 and 21 R 3 are true but 7R3 is false.

7. What will the following code print if input is given as ABCD EFGH
void foo(char *a)
{
    if(*a && *a != ' ')
       foo(a+1);
putchar(*a);
}

a. ABCD EFGH
b. ABCD
c. EFGH
d. DCBA 

 Ans d

8. Match the following

A. Lexical analysis                                       i. Graph coloring
B. Parsing                                                    ii. DFA minimization
C. Register allocation                               iii. Post order traversal
D. Expression evaluation                           iv. production tree

Solution:

A -ii   B- iv    C-i    D-iii

9. In a bank transaction scenario, read(x); x:=x-50; write(x); ready(y); y:=y+50; write(y);. The restriction such that the sum of x and y should always be a constant will come under which property?
a. Atomicity
b. Consistency
c. Isolation
d. Durability

Ans: b

10. In an unordered list of numbers find the complexity of an algorithm to search for an element which is neither maximum nor minimum.
a. Θ(n logn) 

b. Θ( n)
c. Θ(log n)
d. Θ(1)

Ans: d 

We only need to consider any 3 elements and compare them. So the number of comparisons is constants, that makes time complexity as Θ(1)

Let us take an array {10, 20, 15, 7, 90}. Output can be 10 or 15 or 20
Pick any three elements from given liar. Let the three elements be 10, 20 and 7.
Using 3 comparisons, we can find that the middle element is 10

11. Consider the statements:
S1: If a candidate is corrupted, he will not be elected.
S2: If a candidate is kind, he will be elected.
Which of the conclusions is TRUE?

a. If a candidate is corrupted he will be kind.
b. If a candidate is not corrupted he is not kind.
c. If a candidate is kind, he is not corrupted.
d. If a candidate is not kind he is not corrupted.

Ans : c

12. Find the largest Eigen value for the matrix
 [4 5
 2 1]

Ans: (4-x)(1-x)-5*2=0

x^2-5x-6=0

Possible value of x are 3,-2,6, and -1.

Thus  Maximum value is 6

13. Which among the following should not be discussed in SRS?
a. User Interface issues.
b. Non functional requirements.
c. Design specifications.
d. Interface with third party software.

Ans : c
14. A system has 6 resources and N processes . Each process can demand for 2 resources n maximum. For what value of n deadlock will definitely occur?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

Ans: Wrong question

15. Which of the following statements are true about Abstract Syntax Tree(AST) and Control Flow graph(CFG)?
a. If N2 is a successor of N1 in AST and CFG the code implementing N2 will always be after the code implementing N1.
b. Neither AST nor CFG will carry a cycle.
c. The maximum number of successors in AST and CFG depends on input program.
d. In AST and CFG each node represents one  statement in code.

Ans: c

16. If left and right subtrees of a tree are max heaps, then find the time complexity to convert the tree into heap?
a.Ω(logn)
b. Ω(n)
c.Ω(nlogn)
d. Ω(n^2)

Ans: a

17.  A link has a transmission speed of 10^6 bits/sec. It uses data packets of size 1000 bytes each. Assume that the acknowledgment has negligible transmission delay, and that its propagation delay is the same as the data propagation delay. Also assume that the processing delays at nodes are negligible. The efficiency of the stop-and-wait protocol in this setup is exactly 25%. The value of the one-way propagation delay (in milliseconds) is :

Ans: 12

18. Consider two decision problems Q1, Q2 such that Q1 reduces in polynomial time to 3-SAT and 3-SAT reduces in polynomial time to Q2. Then which one of the following is consistent with the above statement?
(A) Q1 is in NP, Q2 is NP hard.

 (B) Q2 is in NP, Q1 is NP hard.

 (C) Both Q1 and Q2 are in NP

 (D) Both Q1 and Q2 are NP hard. 

Ans: a

19. Consider the function:
int f(n)
{
int x=1,k;
           if(n==1)
         return x;
for(k=1;k<n;k++)
    x=x+f(k)*f(n-k);
return x;
}
What will be the return value for f(5)?

f(1) = 1

f(2)= 1+ 1*1 =2

f(3)=1+1*2=3 ;

       3+2*1=5

f(4)= 1+1*5=6

         6+2*2=10

         10+5*1=15

f(5)= 1+1*15=16

         16+2*5=26

         26+5*2=36

         36+15*1=51 

Ans: 51

 

20.Equation to find duration for software development using COCOMO Model where a,b,c,d
are usual constants:

a. E=a(KLOC)exp(b) D=c(E)exp(d)
b. E=a(KLOC)exp(b) D=c(KLOC)exp(d)
c. E=a exp(b) D=c exp(d)
d. E=c exp(d) D=a exp(b)

Ans:a

21. Find the cardinality of power set of {0 , 1 , 2 , ...., 10}

Ans: Cardinality= 2^(number of elements) =2^11=2048

22. A graph is self complementary if it is isomorphic to its complementary graph. For a self complementary graph of n vertices which of the following is correct?
a. n is a multiple of 4
b. n is odd
c. n is even
d. n is congruent to 0 mod 4 or 1 mod 4

Ans : d

23. Which of the following is correct?
a.  Code inspection is done after unit testing is completed.
b. Code walk through and Code inspection are synonymous.
c. Coding standards are evaluated during code inspection
d. Code walk through is done by an independent team.

Ans: a. 

Unit testing should be done before Code inspection. 

Code inspection and code walk through have many differences. For example,  Code inspection is formal, initiated by project team and planned one while walk through is informal, initiated by the author and unplanned.

Code Inspection is done to find and fix mistakes

Code walk throgh is done by the author only

24 Consider a simple check-pointing protocol and the following set of operations in the log. 

(start, T4); (write, T4, y, 2, 3); (start, T1); (commit, T4); (write, T1, z, 5, 7);

 (checkpoint);

 (start, T2); (write, T2, x, 1, 9); (commit, T2); (start, T3), (write, T3, z, 7, 2); 

If a crash happens now and the system tries to recover using both undo and redo operations, what are the contents of the undo list and the redo list?

(A) Undo: T3, T1; Redo: T2 

(B) Undo: T3, T1; Redo: T2, T4 

(C) Undo: none; Redo: T2, T4, T3, T1 

(D) Undo: T3, T1, T4; Redo: T2 

Ans: A

In recovery stage, we need not  take care of transactions committed before checkpoint. 

T2 is committed after checkpoint. Thus redo it.

T1 and T3 are not committed after checkpoint. Thus abort them by undoing

25. If there are ten buckets numbered from 0 to 9 and input values can be in between 0 and 2020, which of the following function can fairly distribute values among buckets?
a. h(i)= i^2 mod 10
b. h(i) = i^3 mod 10
c. h(i) = 11. i^2 mod 10
d. h(i)= 12. i^2 mod 10

Ans: B

26. A grammar is given as :
X0=1X1
X1:= 0X1+ 1X1
X2 := 0X1+ λ

Which of the following regular expressions can correctly represent the grammar?
a. 10(0*+ (10)*)1
b. 10(0*1(10)*)*1
c. 1 (0+10)*1
d. 10(0+10)*1 + 110(0+10)*1

Ans: C

27. Host A sends a UDP datagram containing 8880 bytes of user data to host B over an Ethernet LAN. Ethernet frames may carry data up to 1500 bytes (i.e. MTU1500 bytes). Size of UDP header is 8 bytes and size of IP header is 20 bytes. There is no option field in 111 header. How many total number of IP fragments will be transmitted and what will be the contents of offset field in the last fragment?

 (A) 6 and 925

 (B) 6 and 7400

 (C) 7 and 1110
(D) 7 and 8880

Ans: C

28. If a connection has speed of 104560 bits per second and works in TCP connection. If 'α' is the RTT before TCP scaling and 'β'  is the window size after TCP scaling then value of α and β will be:
a. 63 ms ,  65535 x 2^14
b. 63 ms ,  65535 x 2^16
c. 500 ms ,  65535 x 2^14
d. 500 ms ,  65535 x 2^16

Ans: C

29. The edge which causes graph disconnected on deleting it is called bridge. Which of the following is true about bridge?
a. There will be no bridge in a tree.
b. Bridge can never be a part of a simple cycle.
c. Every edge in  a clique having more than 3 nodes is a bridge.
d. If a graph has bridge there will be no cycle in it.

Ans: B

30. A system has memory segments of size 200, 400, 600, 500, 300 and 250
respectively. If the processes of size 357, 210, 468, and 491 are allocated in segments using best fit algorithm, what segments will be left unused?
a. 200 & 300
b. 250 & 300
c. 200 & 400
d. 200 & 250

Ans : A

 
31. Two operations are performed on given matrix

3    4    45
7    9    105
13    2    195

I . Add third row to second row
II . Subtract third column from first column
then Determinant is:

(I) 

3         4       45

20       11     300
 

13        2       195

(II)

3       4    42

20    11    280

13    2     182

 

Do the row transform as C3--> C3/14

3    4    3

20  11  20

13  2   13

As C1=C3  Determinant =0

32. Consider a processor with byte-addressable memory. Assume that all registers, including Program Counter (PC) and Program Status Word (PSW), are of size 2 bytes. A stack in the main memory is implemented from memory location (0100)16 and it grows upward. The stack pointer (SP) points to the top element of the stack. The current value of SP is (016E) 16. The CALL instruction is of two words, the first word is the op-code and the second word is the starting address of the subroutine (one word = 2 bytes). The CALL instruction is implemented as follows:
• Store the current value of PC in the stack 

• Store the value of PSW register in the stack

 • Load the starting address of the subroutine m PC 

The content of PC just before the fetch of a CALL instruction is (5FAO) 16. After execution of the CALL instruction, the value of the stack pointer is

 (A) (016A) 16 (B) (016C)16 (C) (0170)16 (D) (0172)16 

Current value of SP: 016E

PC (2 bytes) will be stored in: 016F and 0170

PSW(2bytes) will be stored in: 0171 and 0172

So after execution of CALL instruction the value of stack pointer is 0172

33.Given two relations: R1(A,B)= {(1,5), (3,7)} and R2(A, C) = {(1 , 7),(4,9)}. R is a relation obtained the doing FULL NATURAL OUTER JOIN between R1 and R2. Find the tuples that cannot be a member of R

 a = (1,5,NULL) b = (1,5,9) c = (1,3,7) d = (4,3,9) e = (1,5,7) f= (3,7,NULL) g = (4,NULL,9)

a. a,b,c,d,e not f,g

b. a,b,c,d,e,f,g
c. e,f,g not a,b
d. e

Full natiral outer join of R1 and R2::(1,5,7), (3,7,NULL), (4,NULL,9)

Ans: c

34. Find the minimal number of gates required to implement the function
[D' +AB' +A'C + AC'D +A'C'D]'

Ans: 1

35. Find the minimum number of states in DFA required to represent the regular expression (0+1)*10

Minimal no of states=3 

36 )A  computer system implements 8 kilobyte pages and a 32-bit physical address space. Each page table entry contains a valid bit, a dirty bit, three permission bits, and the translation. If the maximum size of the page table of a process is 24 megabytes, the length of the virtual address supported by the system is bits. 

 Ans: 36

37. The number of onto functions (surjective functions) from set X = {1, 2, 3, 4} to set
Y = {a, b, c} is

A function f from X to Y is surjective if every element y in Y has a corresponding element x in X such that f(x) = y. 

.In given problem  n = 4 and m = 3.

Count the number of partitions of A into m blocks.

The no of partitions of elements 1, 2,3 and 4 of X into 3 blocks is Stirling value S{4,3}=6

 Each partition the first block can map to any of the m elements of Y, Total number of mappings will be m!=3!=6

Total number of onto functions= S{n,m}*m!=S{4,3}*3!=6*6=36

38. All possible functions are made between set having 2 and 20 distinct elements respectively. Find the probability of selecting an one to one function:

 

39. Four branches of a company are located at M,N,O and P.  M is north of N at a distance of 4 Km, N is 1 km south east to O, and P is 2 km south to O. what is distance between M to P ? 

a. 5.34

b. 6.74

c. 28.5

d. 45.49 

Ans: a

  40. Which of following statements can be used to find the total weight of 10 poles using following statements. 

S1: 1/4th weight of one pole is 5
S2: The total weight of these poles is 160 kg more than the total weight of two poles

 a. S1 alone

b. S2 alone

c. either S1 or S2

d. Neither S1 nor S2

Ans C

S1: Total weight= 5/0.25 *10 =200

S2: Total weight=160/8*10 =200

41.Consider a function f(x) = 1 – |x| on –1 ≤ x ≤1. The value of x at which the function
attains a maximum and the maximum value of the function are:
(a) 0, –1 

(b) –1, 0

(c) 0, 1

(d) –1, 2 

Ans c

42. Let f(x) = x^–(1/3) and A denote the area of the region bounded by f(x) and the X-axis,
when x varies from –1 to 1. Which of the following statements is/are True?

1. f is continuous in [–1, 1]

 2. f is not bounded in [–1, 1]

3. A is nonzero and finite

(a) 2 only

 (b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only 

(d) 1, 2 and 3

 

The graph for given function is plotted as above.

f is not defined for x<0. Hence it is not continuous in [-1,1]

f is not bounded in [-1,1]

A is nonzero and finite

hence c is answer

43. Consider the three languages given:

L1 :  {wxwR| where w R is reversal of w}

L2: {a^m b^n | m≠n where m,n >0}

L3: {a^p  b^q  c^r | where p,q,r >0}

Which of these is/are regular?

a. L1
b. L3
c. L1 & L3
d. L1 , L2 & L3

44. Which one of the following underline word is correct with reference to sentence
a) Industrialist owns a personnel jet.
b) I daily write my personnel diary.
c) All personnel are given day off.
d) Being religious is a personnel aspect.

Ans c: personnel means "people employed in an organization"

  45. Which one of the following word is related to clothes like pair of jeans,shirt,etc

a) fabric
b) textile
c) fiber
d) apparel

a: fabric: cloth produced by weaving

b. textile: a type of cloth

c. Fiber: a thread from which cloth is formed.   

d  Apparel: clothing

46. Consider the sequence of machine instructions given below::

MUL       R5, R0, R1
DIV        R6, R2, R3
ADD      R7, R5, R6
SUB       R8, R7, R4

In the above sequence, R0 to R8 are general purpose registers. In the instructions
shown, the first register stores the result of the operation performed on the second
and the third registers. This sequence of instructions is to be executed in a pipelined
instruction processor with the following 4 stages: 

(1) Instruction Fetch and Decode(IF),

 (2) Operand Fetch (OF), 

(3) Perform Operation (PO) 

(4) Write back theResult (WB). 

The IF, OF and WB stages take 1 clock cycle each for any instruction.The PO stage takes 1 clock cycle for ADD or SUB instruction, 3 clock cycles for MUL instruction and 5 clock cycles for DIV instruction. The pipelined processor uses operand forwarding from the PO stage to the OF stage. The number of clock cycles taken for the execution of the above sequence of instructions is ___________

Cycle no          Operations

========||================

1                  IF1      --         --         --

2                  IF2      OF1     --           --

3,4,5            IF3      OF2     PO1     --

6,7,8,9,10   IF4       OF3    PO2     WB1

11                --          OF4     PO3     WB2

12               --          ---         PO4      WB3

13              --           --            --          WB4

Ans: 13

47. Fill the blanks
we _________ our friend's birthday and we ________ how to make up
a) completely forgot, don't just know
b) forgot completely, don't just know
c) completely forgot, just don't know
d) forgot completely, just don't know

Ans c

48. Calculate distance between S and P
M is 4km north of N
P is 2 km south of O
N is 1km south East of O
a) 5.34
b) 4
c) 28.5
d)6.something

47. If p,q,r,s,t is the arithmetic sequence then which of the following is also an arithmetic sequence
I 2p,2q,2r,2s,2t
II p^2,q^2,r^2,s^2,t^2
III p-3,q-3,r-3,s-3,t-3
a) I & II
b) I & III
c) I only
d) III only

Ans b)

48. In a function integer i,j,k,l
f(i,j,k,l)=max(i,j,k,l)
g(i,j,k,l)=Min(i,j,k,l)
h(i,j,k,l)= remainder of (i*j/k*l) if i*j>k*l or  (k*l/i*j) if k*l>i*j

Also a function fgh(i,j,k,l)=f(i,j,k,l) x g(i,j,k,l) x h(i,j,k,l)
compute the value of fg(h(2,5,3,7),4,6,8)

Ans:

fg(h(2,5,3,7),4,6,8)=fg(1,4,6,8)= f(1,4,6,8) * (g(1,4,6,8) =8x1=8

49.The secant method is used to find the root of an equation f(x) = 0. It is started from
two distinct estimates xa and xb for the root. It is an iterative procedure involving
linear interpolation to a root. The iteration stops if f(xb) is very small and then xb
is the solution. The procedure is given below. Observe that there is an expression
which is missing and is marked by? Which is the suitable expression that is to be
put in place of? So that it follows all steps of the secant method?

Secant
Initialize: xa, xb, ε, N // ε = convergence indicator
fb= f(xb)
i = 0
while (i < N and | fb | > ε) do
i = i + 1 // update counter
xt= ? // missing expression for
// intermediate value
xa= xb// reset xa
xb= xt// reset xb
fb= f(xb) // function value at new xb
end while
if |fb| > εthen // loop is terminated with i = N
write “Non-convergence”
else
write “return xb”
end if

(a) xb– (fb– f(xa)) fb/ (xb– xa)

 (b) xa– (fa– f(xa)) fa/ (xb– xa)
(c) xb– (fb– xa) fb / (xb – fb(xa)

 (d) xa– (xb– xa) fa/ (fb– f (xa))

50.For a given B+ tree of order 1 ,minimum number of nodes to be fetched for a given query
"X greater than or equal to 5 and less than 15"

51. Consider a typical disk that rotates at 15000 rotations per minute (RPM) and has a transfer rate of 50x 10^6 bytes/sec. If the average seek time of the disk is twice the average rotational delay and the controller's transfer time is 10 times the disk transfer time, the average time (in milliseconds) to read or write a 512-byte sector of the disk is  :

Ans : 6.1

52. The minimum number of JK flipflops required to construct a synchronous  counter with the counting sequence (0,0,1,1,2,2,3,3,0,0,......) is:

Ans : 2

53. Out of the following four sentences, select the most suitable sentence with respect to grammar and usage:

a. Since the report lacked needed information, it was of no use to them.

b. The report was useless to them because there were no needed information in it.

c.Since the report did not contain the needed information , it was not real useful to them.

d. Since the report lacked needed information, it would not have been useful to them.

Ans : a

54 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ans b

55)  . A computer system implements a 40-bit virtual address, page size of 8 kilobytes, and a 128-entry translation look-aside buffer (TLB) organized into 32 sets each having four ways. Assume that the TLB tag does not store any process id. The minimum length of the TLB tag in bits is_________:

 

 Size of a page = 8KB = 2^13
Total number of bits needed to address a page frame = 40 – 13 =  27

If there are ‘n’ cache lines in a set, the cache placement is called n-way set associative. Since T.L.B is 4 way set associative and can hold total 128  page table entries, number of sets in cache = 2^7/4 = 2^5. 

So 5 bits are consumed to address a set.

Hence number of bits needed for tag= 27 -5 =22

56) Consider the following statements. 

I. The complement of every Turing decidable language is Turing decidable 

II.There exists some language which is in NP but is not Turing decidable 

III. If L is a language in NP, L is Turing decidable 

Which of the above statements is/are true? 

(A) Only II

(B) Only I

(C) Only I and II 

(D) Only I and III

  Ans: D

57 With reference to the B+ tree index of order 1 shown below the minimum number of nodes , including root node, that must be fetched in order to satisfy the following query : "Get all records with search key greater than or equal to 7 and less than 15" is______

Ans : 5

58   Consider the following routing table at an IP router: 

Network No.                     Net Mask                      Next Hop 

128.96.170.0                    255255.254.0             Interface 0 

128.96.168 0                    255.255.254.0            Interface 1 

128.96.166.0                    255.255.254.0            R2

128.96.164.0                   255.255.252_0            R3

 0.0.0.0                                   Default                      R4 

For each IP address in Group I identify the correct choice of the next hop from Group II using the entries from the routing table above.
Group I

  A) 128.96.171.92 

  B)128.96.167.151 

C) 128.96.163.151

  D) 128.96.165.121 

Group II

  1) Interface 0

  2) Interface 1 

3)R2

  4) R3

  5) R4

A-1   B-3  C-5   D-4

59.Which of the following well formed formulae is a tautology?

  Ans C 

60.  Given below are some algorithms, and some algorithm design paradigms.
1. Dijkstra's Shortest Path 

2. Floyd-Warshall algorithm to compute pairs shortest path

 3. Binary search on a sorted array 

4. Backtracking search on a graph 

i. Divide and Conquer all

 ii. Dynamic Programming

iii. Greedy design

 iv. Depth-first search

 v. Breadth-first search

Match the above algorithms 

(A) 1-i,2-iii, 3-i, 4-v. 

(B)1-iii, 2-iii, 3-i, 4-v. 

(C) 1-iii,2-ii, 3-i, 4-iv.

 (D)1-iii, 2-ii, 3-i, 4-v. 

Ans: C

61)   A Young tableau is a 2D array of integers increasing from left to right and from top to bottom. Any unfilled entries are marked with ∞, and hence there cannot be any entry to the right of, or below a ∞. The following Young tableau consists of unique entries. 

1        2    5     14 

3       4     6      23 

10    12   18   25 

31   ∞    ∞    ∞

When an element is removed from a Young tableau. other elements should be moved into its place so that the resulting table is still a Young tableau (unfilled entries may be filled in with a ∞). The minimum number of entries (other than 1) to be shifted, to remove 1 from the given Young tableau is :

 

After removing 1,

a. Move 2 to position (0,0) 

b. Move 3 to position (0,1)

c. Shift 4, 6 and 23 to one cell left

Minimum 5 numbers have to be shifted.

62)   A half adder is implemented with XOR and AND gates. A full adder is implemented with two half adders and one OR gate. The propagation delay of an XOR gate is twice that of an AND/OR gate. The propagation delay of an AND/OR gate is 1.2 microseconds. A 4-bit ripple-carry binary adder is implemented by using four full adders. The total propagation time of this 4-bit binary adder in microseconds is :

Ans: 12

 

63  )  Suppose you are provided with the following function declaration in the C programming language.
int partition(int a[]), int n);
The function treats the first element of a [ ] as a pivot, and rearranges the array so that all elements less than or equal to the pivot is in the left part of the array, and all elements greater than the pivot is in the right part. In addition, it moves the pivot so that the pivot is the last element of the left part. The return value is the number of elements in the left part. The following partially given function in the C programming language is used to find the kth smallest element in an array a [ ] of size n using the partition function. We assume k <=5 .

 int kth_smallest(int a[], int n, int k)

 {

int left_end = partition(a,n);

 if ( left_end+1 == k)

{

return a[left_end]; 

}
if ( left_end+1 > k )

( return kth_smallest(  ____________ ); 

else ( return kth_smallest(___________   ); 

}

The missing argument lists are respectively
(A) (a, left_end, k) and (a+left_end+1, n-left_end-1, k-left_end-1)

 (B) (a, left_end, k) and (a, n-left_end-1, k-left_end-1) 

(C) (a+left_end+1, n-left_end-1, k-left_end-1) and (a, left_end, k) 

(D) (a, n-left end-1, k-left end-1) and (a, left end, k) 

Ans :A

64) Consider the C program below. 

#include <stdio.h>

int *A, stkTop;
int stkFunc(int opcode, int val) 

{
static int size=0, stkTop=0;

 switch (opcode)

 {

 case -1: size = val; break;

 case 0: if (stkTop < size) A[stkTop++] = val; break;

 default: if (stkTop) return A[--stkTop]; 

}
return -1;
} 

int main()

 {
int B[20]; 

A = B;

stkTop = -1;
stkFunc (-1, 10); 

stkFunc ( 0, 5); 

stkFunc ( 0, 10);

 printf ("%d\n", stkFunc(1, 0) + stkFunc(1, 0));
}
The value printed by the above program is_______

stkFunc (-1, 10)     initialize stack size as 10. 

stkFunc ( 0, 5)and stkFunc ( 0, 10) push 5 and 10 in sequence.

stkFunc(1, 0)and stkFunc(1, 0)pop 10 and 5 in sequnce.

The sum 10+5 = 15 will be printed.

 

65) Consider the intermediate code given below.

(1) i = 1

 (2) j = 1

 (3) t1 = 5 * i 

(4) t2 = t1 + j 

(5) t3 = 4 * t2

 (6) t4 = t3

 (7) a [t4] = -1

 (8) j = j + 1

 (9) if j<=5 goto (3) 

(10) i=i+1

 (11) if 1<5 goto (2) 

The number of nodes and edges in the control-flow-graph constructed for the above code, respectively, are 

(A) 5 and 7 

(B) 6 and 7

(C) 5 and 5

 (D) 7 and 8

 

Ans: B

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